Ansar Jerusalem, (also known as Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis), has released a
video displaying the graphic beheadings of four Egyptian civilians the
group accused of being "spies" for Israel. According to Ansar Jerusalem,
Israel has supposedly killed the group's members in cross-border drone
strikes launched in the Sinai, including an alleged bombing on July 23.
Egyptian government officials have denied Israeli involvement.
The video was first released on Ansar Jerusalem's official Twitter feed, which has since been taken down.
At the beginning of the video, a masked terrorist is shown reading a
statement while standing behind the four civilians, who are kneeling and
blindfolded. The video then cuts to images of slain Ansar Jerusalem
members and a photo of a burned vehicle, which the group says was struck
by an Israeli missile.
Much of the video is then devoted to showing the four men's
"confessions." They say that they gave information to Israeli
intelligence in return for payments. Their confessions are made under
clear duress, and should not be accepted at face value.
After the footage of the four purported confessions is aired, the
video returns to the scene of the masked terrorist and others standing
behind them. The men are then beheaded and their decapitated heads are
placed on their corpses.
In the past, Ansar Jerusalem has published videos showing members of
Egyptian security forces and other alleged spies being executed. But the
new video marks an escalation in the violent tactics the group is
willing to broadcast in its propaganda.
The video comes just over one week after the Islamic State, which
claims to rule over a "caliphate" stretching over large portions of Iraq
and Syria, released a video featuring the beheading of American
photojournalist James Foley.
Ansar Jerusalem's own execution video is comparable to the Islamic
State's, and the group may have decided to release it after Foley's
death received so much international attention.
Earlier this year, an Ansar Jerusalem leader voiced his support for
the Islamic State. And the Egyptian press has published rumors that
Ansar Jerusalem has sworn
bayat (an oath of allegiance) to Abu
Bakr al Baghdadi, the Islamic State's emir. But these rumors are, thus
far, false. Ansar Jerusalem did not publicly endorse, let alone swear
allegiance to, Baghdadi after his subordinates claimed in late June that
he now rules as "Caliph Ibrahim." It is likely that some members of
Ansar Jerusalem do support the Islamic State, but the extent of that
support is unclear. And there are other
indications that the group is
allied with al Qaeda.
Al Qaeda avoids beheading videos
Al Qaeda has shied away from videos such as the ones produced by the
Islamic State and now Ansar Jerusalem. In 2005, for example, Ayman al
Zawahiri
wrote a letter to Abu Musab al Zarqawi,
who was then the head of al Qaeda in Iraq. Zarqawi was notorious for
his barbaric executions, which were recorded for the world to see. But
Zawahiri argued that such tactics, while they may be justified, were
counterproductive when it comes to building popular support for the
jihadist ideology.
"Among the things which the feelings of the Muslim populace who love
and support you will never find palatable ... are the scenes of
slaughtering the hostages," Zawahiri wrote to Zarqawi. Zawahiri
continued: "You shouldn't be deceived by the praise of some of the
zealous young men and their description of you as the shiekh of the
slaughterers, etc. They do not express the general view of the admirer
and the supporter of the resistance in Iraq, and of you in particular by
the favor and blessing of God."
Zawahiri did not argue that Zarqawi should spare his hostages; he
simply didn't want Zarqawi to carry on with his over-the-top executions,
which sicken the stomachs of even potential supporters.
"[W]e can kill the captives by bullet," Zawahiri wrote, because
"[t]hat would achieve that which is sought after without exposing
ourselves to the questions and answering to doubts." Simply put,
Zawahiri argued, "We don't need this." Zawahiri comprehended that "more
than half of" the jihadists' "battle is taking place in the battlefield
of the media," and unspeakable acts of barbarism can be a liability, no
matter how justifiable they are from the jihadists' perspective.
Al Qaeda and its various branches have executed hostages and they
will continue to do so. In 2002, for instance, 9/11 mastermind Khalid
Sheikh Mohammed beheaded Daniel Pearl, a reporter for
The Wall Street Journal.
And al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) has executed hostages as
well. However, al Qaeda's senior leaders do not think that graphic snuff
videos are an effective means for promulgating their message.
The difference in tactics can be seen in how al Qaeda has handled the
captivity of Warren Weinstein, an American who has been held by the
group since 2011, and the recent release of Peter Theo Curtis by the Al
Nusrah Front, al Qaeda's official branch in Syria.
Earlier this month, al Qaeda released a message directed at
Weinstein's family. "We are not interested in retaining the prisoner in
our protection; we are only seeking to exchange him in return for the
fulfillment of our demands that we have conveyed," the message reads. Al
Qaeda did not threaten to behead Weinstein if its demands were not met.
The organization encouraged Weinstein's family to "pressurize" the
American government into bartering for his release.
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Al Qaeda has not threatened to kill Warren Weinstein, an American who has been in the group's custody since 2011.
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Al Qaeda's message was likely inspired by the success the Taliban had in
exchanging Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl for the top five Taliban commanders held at Guantanamo.
Interestingly, As Sahab, al Qaeda's official propaganda arm, included
the hashtag #JamesFoley in one tweet that featured the message to
Weinstein's family. Al Qaeda seemed to be inviting a comparison between
Weinstein's captivity and Foley's.
And just days after the Islamic State released its video of Foley's
execution, the Al Nusrah Front released Curtis from its custody. The
deal to release Curtis was brokered by Qatar, which provides a
permissive fundraising environment for Al Nusrah and other jihadist
groups. Although the deal to free Curtis had been in the works prior to
the release of the Foley execution video, the difference between Curtis'
fate and Foley's says much about how the rival jihadist groups are
approaching hostage operations.
Some supporters of the Islamic State, which is at odds with Al
Nusrah, have even denounced Curtis's release on their social media
accounts.